Subject guides: Referencing and Citation Styles: Harvard

Recommended manual for Harvard style referencing

Harvard is a common name used to describe the Author / Date approach to referencing. As such, there is no one official manual. Our recommendation is to start with the guidance provided in:

Style manual for authors, editors and printers (6th ed.). (2002). John Wiley & Sons.
Available in print

Alternative guides when the published manual is not available:

University of Sydney Guide to Harvard Referencing Style

Referencing in the body of your essay

The Harvard citation style is an Author-Date referencing system.

Referencing an idea

The leading medical cause of Aboriginal mortality is due to circulatory system disease. Other important causes of death include diseases of the respiratory system and injury or poisoning (Anderson 1999, p. 60; Saggers & Gray 1999, p. 100; Thomson 1995, p. 171).

Anderson (1999, p. 60), Thomson (1995, p. 171) and Saggers and Gray (1999, p. 100) all state that the leading cause of Aboriginal mortality is due to circulatory system disease, and that other important causes of death include diseases of the respiratory system and injury or poisoning.

Referencing a quotation

Indeed, one researcher commented that 'technological innovations have saved or extended the lives of many patients' (Lumby 2001, p. 44).

Citing a source within a source

Where your source quotes or refers to another source, for example Unsworth refers to previous work by Halliday on linguistics, the citation might read thus:

(Halliday 1987, cited in Unsworth 2004, p. 15)

Only Unsworth will appear in the Reference list at the end of your assignment

Reference List

A Harvard reference list should be ordered alphabetically by author and then chronologically by year of publication. For instances of multiple articles with the same authors and years of publication, please see the complete guide.

Book

Cochrane, A 2007, Understanding urban policy: a critical approach, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA.

Book chapter

Richards, KC 1997, ‘Views on globalization’, in HL Vivaldi (ed.), Australia in a global world, Century, North Ryde, NSW.

Journal article

Elo, A, Ervasti, J, Kuosma, E, & Mattila, P 2008, ‘Evaluation of an organizational stress management program in a municipal public works organization’, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 10-23.

Webpage with an author

Welch, N 2000, Toward an understanding of the determinants of rural health, viewed 9 January 2002, http://www.ruralhealth.org.au/welch.htm

Webpage with no author

ANCI national competency standards for the Registered Nurse and the Enrolled Nurse 2000, Australian Nursing Council, viewed 28 January 2002, http://www.anci.org.au/competencystandards.htm

Newspaper article

Bagnall, D 1998, 'Private schools: why they are out in front', The Bulletin, January 27, pp. 12-15.

Government publication

Department of Finance and Administration 2006, Delivering Australian Government services: managing multiple channels, DOFA, Canberra.

More Resources

Flinders University's Harvard-Flinders Guide
A complete guide to the Harvard-Flinders Style with additional reference type examples.

Harvard Style and EndNote

The Harvard output style in EndNote may not suit departmental requirements. Choose Harvard_UQ for an output style that is based on the Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002).